FRACTURES OF THE PHALANGES
The fingers are usually injured by direct violence, and there may be considerable swelling or open wounds. Injudicious treatment may result in a stiff finger which, in some cases, can be worse than no finger.
FRACTURES OF THE PROXIMAL AND MIDDLE PHALANGEAL SHAFTS
The phalanx may fracture in various ways:
· Transverse fracture of the shaft, often with forward angulation.
· Spiral fracture of the shaft, from a twisting injury.
· Comminuted fracture, usually due to a crush injury and often associated with significant tendon damage and skin loss.
· Avulsion of a small fragment of bone.
· Metaphyseal fracture at the base of the proximal phalanx, commonly seen inosteopaenic bone. The shaft is pulled into extension and at the distal end the entire head may displace. This is most commonly seen in children.
· Intra-articular fractures: At the distal end of the phalanx, the entire head may rotate or, more commonly, one condyle rotates through a longitudinal midline fracture into the joint. At the proximal end, displacement tends to lead to an angular deformity.
---from 《Apley’s System of Orthopaedics and Fractures》
重點詞匯整理：
phalanges/f?'l?nd?iz/n. 趾骨；指骨（phalanx的復數(shù)）
Injudicious /??nd?u?d???s/adj. 不明智的；不慎重的；淺薄的；不聰明的
Avulsion /??v?l??n/n. 扯開，撕裂；扯離的部分
osteopaenic bone骨致病性骨
osteoporosis骨質(zhì)疏松癥
longitudinal /?lɑ?nd???tu?dnl/adj. 長度的，縱向的；經(jīng)線的
百度翻譯：
指骨骨折
手指通常受到直接暴力的傷害，可能有相當大的腫脹或開放的傷口。不公正的治療可能導致手指僵硬，在某些情況下，這可能比沒有手指更糟。
指骨近中骨干骨折
指骨可能以多種方式骨折：
·軸的橫向斷裂，通常具有正角度。
·軸螺旋斷裂，因扭傷。
·粉碎性骨折，通常是由于擠壓損傷，通常與嚴重的肌腱壩年齡和皮膚損失有關(guān)。
·骨小片段撕脫。
·近端基底部骺端骨折
指骨，常見于骨擬骨。軸被拉入延伸部分，在遠端，整個頭部可能會移位。這是兒童中最常見的一種。
·關(guān)節(jié)內(nèi)骨折：在指骨遠端，整個頭部可能旋轉(zhuǎn)，或者，一個髁突通過縱向中線骨折旋轉(zhuǎn)進入關(guān)節(jié)。在近端，移位往往導致角畸形。
