短文改錯常見錯誤類型
一、“短文改錯”題中的常見錯誤類型
(一) 名詞方面的錯誤
名詞方面的錯誤多指名詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式的誤用，可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的錯誤，名詞所有格中“’s”的誤置等。例如:
1. He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests.
2. In summer, the sea under the blue skies is even more beautiful.
3. ... you’ve been settled down in Boston and are getting used to the local ways of life.
4. ... but she marked strictly on student’s actual performance ...
(二) 動詞方面的錯誤
動詞錯誤在短文改錯中所占比重最大，它所涉及的錯誤包括動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)錯誤；易混動詞的用法錯誤；動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)錯誤；動詞的非謂語形式，以及動詞的句型搭配錯誤等。在改錯題中，動詞方面的考查比例較大。例如:
1. The air keeps the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon ...
2. I just want to thank you for helping me becoming a different person.
3. How about join us? The camp is at the foot of a small hill.
4. I’ll send my friend Charlie meet you at the airport.
(三) 形容詞、副詞方面的錯誤
這類錯誤多指誤用形容詞修飾形容詞，誤用副詞修飾名詞，誤用形容詞修飾動詞，誤用形容詞或副詞的原級、比較級和最高級以及誤用帶-ly的副詞與不帶-ly的副詞等，特別注意根據(jù)上下文該用比較級而未用的“暗中比較”。例如:
1. They came back lately and had some tea.
2.... you always gave me specially attention ...
3. ... they fly down immediate and catch them without delay.
4. Yes，it is clearly that your life in your country is quite different from ...
5. I know you are particular interested in Human Rights.
6. Last year, my English teacher proved to be the more popular in our school.
(四) 連詞方面的錯誤
短文改錯中出現(xiàn)連詞就要判斷連詞用的是否正確，是否符合句子意思；連接的是詞還是句子，是否符合邏輯關(guān)系。此外如果是平行結(jié)構(gòu)就要注意前后時態(tài)、語態(tài)、詞性一致問題平行結(jié)構(gòu)常借助與并列連詞and, or, but, not only…but also…, …not…but…, either…or…, neither …nor…, as well as等，though不與but連用，because不與so連用等。
1. It started to rise higher again. So it was still too close to the water.
2. I became very active but made new friends.
3. My hometown is a pretty city, so people there are kind and polite.
4. While they find fish come to the surface, they fly down immediately.
5. Both your aunt or I look forward to seeing you again.
(五) 代詞方面的錯誤
這類錯誤主要包括形容詞性物主代詞與名詞性物主代詞的誤用，關(guān)系代詞、連接代詞的誤用，代詞主格與代詞賓格的誤用，代詞單數(shù)與代詞復(fù)數(shù)的誤用，各個不定代詞之間的誤用，反身代詞與代詞賓格之間的誤用，代詞的指代錯誤，定語從句中多用代詞等。
1. ... the men threw away most of his clothes to save themselves.
2. a lot of white birds come to my city for food. I can wait patiently above the sea for quite a long ...
3. If he spends most of his time playing about in the way that he used to as a child，they will go hungry.
4. That night, we sat down to what they thought would be a pleasant, uninterrupted ...
5. I just smiled to me and thought ...
6.... your life in your country is quite different from me.
7. Everybody sleeps in tents, that is very exciting.
(六) 介詞方面的錯誤
這類錯誤多指漏掉介詞、多用介詞或介詞與其他詞語搭配的錯誤等。例如:
1. The crowd waiting for to greet them in
2. He was looking for a glass the cupboard.
3. After autumn arrives，the city looks as an old man with leaves ...
4. ... he can no longer expect others to pay his food, his clothes ...
5. On the front door stood a five-year-old boy from across the street.
6. Could you share your experience for us?
7. My mother was a career woman and had her own problems to take care.
(七) 冠詞方面的錯誤
這類錯誤多指a(n)與the的誤用，a與an的誤用。有時也表現(xiàn)為:單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前面該用冠詞的地方缺少冠詞，不該用冠詞的地方多了冠詞。例如:
1. An American and a Frenchman decided to cross the sea between
2.... the popular teacher is at same time the one who should be strict with ...
3. And if he breaks the law of society ..., he may go to the prison.
4.... so we will have plenty of spare time to visit the area and have a fun.
(八) 時態(tài)、語態(tài)方面的錯誤
這類錯誤主要為現(xiàn)在時態(tài)與過去時態(tài)、主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的誤用。做題時，應(yīng)注意把握文中動詞時態(tài)的呼應(yīng)規(guī)律，注意把握諸個并列動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)的呼應(yīng)規(guī)律。例如:
1. We had guests last night who have not stayed in a B&B hotel before.
2. Today，I got a letter that said I had been admitting to a college.
3. We hung a sign on the front door that was read: “We’re having dinner ...”
4.... sometimes all that is need is someone to rely on.
5. I’ll send my friend Charlie to meet you at the airport when you arrived.
(九) 主謂一致方面的錯誤
這類錯誤主要指主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，謂語動詞形式的錯誤。因此做題時，要注意謂語動詞的形式要和句子主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。例如:
1. “I just want to know what the sign say.”
2. Anyone can borrow books if he or she wish.
3. Here are the information about Manchester University.
4. What may surprise you are that I’m going to ...
(十) 短語、句型固定搭配錯誤
主要考查介詞與動詞、名詞、形容詞的固定搭配；副詞、動詞的固定搭配；及物動詞后多介詞或副詞以及不及物動詞后少介詞，英語中的一些固定句型與習(xí)慣搭配等。
1. My teacher advised me to keep my diary. keep a diary是固定搭配，意思是“寫日記”.
2. In my surprise, he did very well in his previous job. To one’s surprise 是固定搭配
3. I thought that was dull to watch a game… 此題考查it的功能，It + be + adj. + to do為固定結(jié)構(gòu)。
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