在我們寫作中，一定會引用到別人的研究結果，或推翻之，或改進之，或反證自己的結論...總之，引用別人的文獻或研究結果是必不可少的步驟。需要注意的是，如何“柔順”地引出他人成果或文獻是一個技術活，好壞都會影響文章在審稿人心目中的印象。少引用了，review會認為你查新不足或避而不談，這樣，你的文章結果含金量就會打折扣。再比如，即使前人結果有缺陷，而如果你的語言表達透出輕蔑，也會影響整體印象。
今天，弗雷賽斯潤色部主編將會為大家介紹一些可以柔順地引出他人研究的詞組，供大家在實際寫作中使用。
In this article we are going to look at the best kind of phrases that you can use when you want to refer to piece of literature in your manuscript. It is very important to refer to literature because this is how you show your reader that your work and ideas are substantiated by previously published articles. Therefore, its important to be able to articulate your references in a professional manner.
1.General descriptions of the relevant literature/概述相關文獻
A large and growing body of literature have investigated…
A large and growing body of literature have shown that….
Recently, much attention has been focused on …
A large proportion of the current research focussed on (____) has shown that…
In the past decade , a considerable amount of papers have focused on …
What we understand about (___) is largely based on published data...
2.How to refer to previous research by a specific author/引用前人研究，某作者
Traditionally, X et al has argued that….
Questionnaires and survey conducted by X et al. have all shown that …
Several attempts have been made by X et al. regarding…
X et al. has conducted numerous studies that have linked (____) to (____)
X et al. has put forth research findings into (__) that shows…
Numerous studies conducted by X et al. and his team have shown that …
3.How to write phrases that refer to authors in a general way/概述研究進展
(___) has also been proven by numerous researchers to impact `(___)
It has been conclusively shown that ….
It has been demonstrated by many researchers that….
20 cohort study analyses have examined the relationship between…
Other authors have considered the relationship between…
It has been demonstrated by numerous researches that…
Factors thought to be influencing (____) have been shown by researchers to…
4.To indicate a current state of knowledge in the field/概述目前進展
There is a clear relationship between X and Y ( X et al. 2003)
The latest researchregarding (____) is…
Our current understanding of the mechanism underlying (____) indicates that….
From recent studies inthe field of (_____), it is evident that….
5.To represent different time periods that research took place/不同時間點的進展概述
In the past century our understanding of (____) has gradually increased…
In the past decade there has been no development in the field of…..
Currently…
Recently…
Up to now…
In (‘year’) Xet al. reported….
In (‘year’) X etal. and his team reported…
In a study conducted byX et al. in (‘year’)…
6.To indicate an authors opinion about a topic/引出某人某觀點
X et al. argues that
X et al. points out…
X et al. states that…
X et al. describes inhis study that…
X et al. argues that(_____) impacts the progression of Y…
7.To describe similarities amongst different studies or author opinions/引出多人共同觀點
X et al. also agreesthat…
This was corroborated by numerous studies …
X et al. confirmed traditional theories regarding…
Conclusions drawn by numerous studies agree with our current research
Both X et al. and Y etal. came to the same conclusion that…
X et al. as well asseveral other authors confirmed the involvement of…
原創(chuàng)： 潤色部-Alia 弗雷賽斯
