一、Docker的基礎(chǔ)用法
Docker鏡像首頁,包括官方鏡像和其它公開鏡像
因為國情的原因,國內(nèi)下載 Docker HUB 官方的相關(guān)鏡像比較慢,可以使用 鏡像,鏡像保持和官方一致,關(guān)鍵是速度塊,推薦使用。
$ sudo docker search ubuntu
$ sudo docker pull ubuntu # 獲取 ubuntu 官方鏡像 $ sudo docker images # 查看當(dāng)前鏡像列表
$ sudo docker run -i -t ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash
注: ubuntu 會有多個版本,通過指定 tag 來啟動特定的版本 [image]:[tag]
$ sudo docker ps # 查看當(dāng)前運行的容器, ps -a 列出當(dāng)前系統(tǒng)所有的容器 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES6c9129e9df10 ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash 6 minutes ago Up 6 minutes cranky_babbage
$ sudo docker # docker 命令幫助Commands: attach Attach to a running container # 當(dāng)前 shell 下 attach 連接指定運行鏡像 build Build an image from a Dockerfile # 通過 Dockerfile 定制鏡像 commit Create a new image from a container's changes # 提交當(dāng)前容器為新的鏡像 cp Copy files/folders from the containers filesystem to the host path # 從容器中拷貝指定文件或者目錄到宿主機中 create Create a new container # 創(chuàng)建一個新的容器,同 run,但不啟動容器 diff Inspect changes on a container's filesystem # 查看 docker 容器變化 events Get real time events from the server # 從 docker 服務(wù)獲取容器實時事件 exec Run a command in an existing container # 在已存在的容器上運行命令 export Stream the contents of a container as a tar archive # 導(dǎo)出容器的內(nèi)容流作為一個 tar 歸檔文件[對應(yīng) import ] history Show the history of an image # 展示一個鏡像形成歷史 images List images # 列出系統(tǒng)當(dāng)前鏡像 import Create a new filesystem image from the contents of a tarball # 從tar包中的內(nèi)容創(chuàng)建一個新的文件系統(tǒng)映像[對應(yīng) export] info Display system-wide information # 顯示系統(tǒng)相關(guān)信息 inspect Return low-level information on a container # 查看容器詳細信息 kill Kill a running container # kill 指定 docker 容器 load Load an image from a tar archive # 從一個 tar 包中加載一個鏡像[對應(yīng) save] login Register or Login to the docker registry server # 注冊或者登陸一個 docker 源服務(wù)器 logout Log out from a Docker registry server # 從當(dāng)前 Docker registry 退出 logs Fetch the logs of a container # 輸出當(dāng)前容器日志信息 port Lookup the public-facing port which is NAT-ed to PRIVATE_PORT # 查看映射端口對應(yīng)的容器內(nèi)部源端口 pause Pause all processes within a container # 暫停容器 ps List containers # 列出容器列表 pull Pull an image or a repository from the docker registry server # 從docker鏡像源服務(wù)器拉取指定鏡像或者庫鏡像 push Push an image or a repository to the docker registry server # 推送指定鏡像或者庫鏡像至docker源服務(wù)器 restart Restart a running container # 重啟運行的容器 rm Remove one or more containers # 移除一個或者多個容器 rmi Remove one or more images # 移除一個或多個鏡像[無容器使用該鏡像才可刪除,否則需刪除相關(guān)容器才可繼續(xù)或 -f 強制刪除] run Run a command in a new container # 創(chuàng)建一個新的容器并運行一個命令 save Save an image to a tar archive # 保存一個鏡像為一個 tar 包[對應(yīng) load] search Search for an image on the Docker Hub # 在 docker hub 中搜索鏡像 start Start a stopped containers # 啟動容器 stop Stop a running containers # 停止容器 tag Tag an image into a repository # 給源中鏡像打標簽 top Lookup the running processes of a container # 查看容器中運行的進程信息 unpause Unpause a paused container # 取消暫停容器 version Show the docker version information # 查看 docker 版本號 wait Block until a container stops, then print its exit code # 截取容器停止時的退出狀態(tài)值Run 'docker COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.
Usage of docker: --api-enable-cors=false Enable CORS headers in the remote API # 遠程 API 中開啟 CORS 頭 -b, --bridge="" Attach containers to a pre-existing network bridge # 橋接網(wǎng)絡(luò) use 'none' to disable container networking --bip="" Use this CIDR notation address for the network bridge's IP, not compatible with -b # 和 -b 選項不兼容,具體沒有測試過 -d, --daemon=false Enable daemon mode # daemon 模式 -D, --debug=false Enable debug mode # debug 模式 --dns=[] Force docker to use specific DNS servers # 強制 docker 使用指定 dns 服務(wù)器 --dns-search=[] Force Docker to use specific DNS search domains # 強制 docker 使用指定 dns 搜索域 -e, --exec-driver="native" Force the docker runtime to use a specific exec driver # 強制 docker 運行時使用指定執(zhí)行驅(qū)動器 --fixed-cidr="" IPv4 subnet for fixed IPs (ex: 10.20.0.0/16) this subnet must be nested in the bridge subnet (which is defined by -b or --bip) -G, --group="docker" Group to assign the unix socket specified by -H when running in daemon mode use '' (the empty string) to disable setting of a group -g, --graph="/var/lib/docker" Path to use as the root of the docker runtime # 容器運行的根目錄路徑 -H, --host=[] The socket(s) to bind to in daemon mode # daemon 模式下 docker 指定綁定方式[tcp or 本地 socket] specified using one or more tcp://host:port, unix:///path/to/socket, fd://* or fd://socketfd. --icc=true Enable inter-container communication # 跨容器通信 --insecure-registry=[] Enable insecure communication with specified registries (no certificate verification for HTTPS and enable HTTP fallback) (e.g., localhost:5000 or 10.20.0.0/16) --ip="0.0.0.0" Default IP address to use when binding container ports # 指定監(jiān)聽地址,默認所有 ip --ip-forward=true Enable net.ipv4.ip_forward # 開啟轉(zhuǎn)發(fā) --ip-masq=true Enable IP masquerading for bridge's IP range --iptables=true Enable Docker's addition of iptables rules # 添加對應(yīng) iptables 規(guī)則 --mtu=0 Set the containers network MTU # 設(shè)置網(wǎng)絡(luò) mtu if no value is provided: default to the default route MTU or 1500 if no default route is available -p, --pidfile="/var/run/docker.pid" Path to use for daemon PID file # 指定 pid 文件位置 --registry-mirror=[] Specify a preferred Docker registry mirror -s, --storage-driver="" Force the docker runtime to use a specific storage driver # 強制 docker 運行時使用指定存儲驅(qū)動 --selinux-enabled=false Enable selinux support # 開啟 selinux 支持 --storage-opt=[] Set storage driver options # 設(shè)置存儲驅(qū)動選項 --tls=false Use TLS; implied by tls-verify flags # 開啟 tls --tlscacert="/root/.docker/ca.pem" Trust only remotes providing a certificate signed by the CA given here --tlscert="/root/.docker/cert.pem" Path to TLS certificate file # tls 證書文件位置 --tlskey="/root/.docker/key.pem" Path to TLS key file # tls key 文件位置 --tlsverify=false Use TLS and verify the remote (daemon: verify client, client: verify daemon) # 使用 tls 并確認遠程控制主機 -v, --version=false Print version information and quit # 輸出 docker 版本信息
$ sudo docker search --helpUsage: docker search TERMSearch the Docker Hub for images # 從 Docker Hub 搜索鏡像 --automated=false Only show automated builds --no-trunc=false Don't truncate output -s, --stars=0 Only displays with at least xxx stars
示例:
$ sudo docker search -s 100 ubuntu # 查找 star 數(shù)至少為 100 的鏡像,找出只有官方鏡像 start 數(shù)超過 100,默認不加 s 選項找出所有相關(guān) ubuntu 鏡像 NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATEDubuntu Official Ubuntu base image 425 [OK]
$ sudo docker info Containers: 1 # 容器個數(shù) Images: 22 # 鏡像個數(shù) Storage Driver: devicemapper # 存儲驅(qū)動 Pool Name: docker-8:17-3221225728-pool Pool Blocksize: 65.54 kB Data file: /data/docker/devicemapper/devicemapper/data Metadata file: /data/docker/devicemapper/devicemapper/metadata Data Space Used: 1.83 GB Data Space Total: 107.4 GB Metadata Space Used: 2.191 MB Metadata Space Total: 2.147 GB Library Version: 1.02.84-RHEL7 (2014-03-26) Execution Driver: native-0.2 # 存儲驅(qū)動 Kernel Version: 3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
$ sudo docker pull --help # pull 拉取鏡像 Usage: docker pull [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG] Pull an image or a repository from the registry -a, --all-tags=false Download all tagged images in the repository $ sudo docker push # push 推送指定鏡像 Usage: docker push NAME[:TAG] Push an image or a repository to the registry
示例:
$ sudo docker pull ubuntu # 下載官方 ubuntu docker 鏡像,默認下載所有 ubuntu 官方庫鏡像 $ sudo docker pull ubuntu:14.04 # 下載指定版本 ubuntu 官方鏡像
$ sudo docker push 192.168.0.100:5000/ubuntu # 推送鏡像庫到私有源[可注冊 docker 官方賬戶,推送到官方自有賬戶] $ sudo docker push 192.168.0.100:5000/ubuntu:14.04 # 推送指定鏡像到私有源
列出當(dāng)前系統(tǒng)鏡像
$ sudo docker images --helpUsage: docker images [OPTIONS] [NAME] List images -a, --all=false Show all images (by default filter out the intermediate image layers) # -a 顯示當(dāng)前系統(tǒng)的所有鏡像,包括過渡層鏡像,默認 docker images 顯示最終鏡像,不包括過渡層鏡像 -f, --filter=[] Provide filter values (i.e. 'dangling=true') --no-trunc=false Don't truncate output -q, --quiet=false Only show numeric IDs
示例:
$ sudo docker images # 顯示當(dāng)前系統(tǒng)鏡像,不包括過渡層鏡像 $ sudo docker images -a # 顯示當(dāng)前系統(tǒng)所有鏡像,包括過渡層鏡像 $ sudo docker images ubuntu # 顯示當(dāng)前系統(tǒng) docker ubuntu 庫中的所有鏡像 REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZEubuntu 12.04 ebe4be4dd427 4 weeks ago 210.6 MBubuntu 14.04 e54ca5efa2e9 4 weeks ago 276.5 MBubuntu 14.04-ssh 6334d3ac099a 7 weeks ago 383.2 MB
刪除一個或者多個鏡像
$ sudo docker rmi --helpUsage: docker rmi IMAGE [IMAGE...] Remove one or more images -f, --force=false Force removal of the image # 強制移除鏡像不管是否有容器使用該鏡像 --no-prune=false Do not delete untagged parents # 不要刪除未標記的父鏡像
$ sudo docker run --helpUsage: docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...] Run a command in a new container -a, --attach=[] Attach to stdin, stdout or stderr. -c, --cpu-shares=0 CPU shares (relative weight) # 設(shè)置 cpu 使用權(quán)重 --cap-add=[] Add Linux capabilities --cap-drop=[] Drop Linux capabilities --cidfile="" Write the container ID to the file # 把容器 id 寫入到指定文件 --cpuset="" CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1) # cpu 綁定 -d, --detach=false Detached mode: Run container in the background, print new container id # 后臺運行容器 --device=[] Add a host device to the container (e.g. --device=/dev/sdc:/dev/xvdc) --dns=[] Set custom dns servers # 設(shè)置 dns --dns-search=[] Set custom dns search domains # 設(shè)置 dns 域搜索 -e, --env=[] Set environment variables # 定義環(huán)境變量 --entrypoint="" Overwrite the default entrypoint of the image # ? --env-file=[] Read in a line delimited file of ENV variables # 從指定文件讀取變量值 --expose=[] Expose a port from the container without publishing it to your host # 指定對外提供服務(wù)端口 -h, --hostname="" Container host name # 設(shè)置容器主機名 -i, --interactive=false Keep stdin open even if not attached # 保持標準輸出開啟即使沒有 attached --link=[] Add link to another container (name:alias) # 添加鏈接到另外一個容器 --lxc-conf=[] (lxc exec-driver only) Add custom lxc options --lxc-conf="lxc.cgroup.cpuset.cpus = 0,1" -m, --memory="" Memory limit (format: <number><optional unit>, where unit = b, k, m or g) # 內(nèi)存限制 --name="" Assign a name to the container # 設(shè)置容器名 --net="bridge" Set the Network mode for the container # 設(shè)置容器網(wǎng)絡(luò)模式 'bridge': creates a new network stack for the container on the docker bridge 'none': no networking for this container 'container:<name|id>': reuses another container network stack 'host': use the host network stack inside the container. Note: the host mode gives the container full access to local system services such as D-bus and is therefore considered insecure. -P, --publish-all=false Publish all exposed ports to the host interfaces # 自動映射容器對外提供服務(wù)的端口 -p, --publish=[] Publish a container's port to the host # 指定端口映射 format: ip:hostPort:containerPort | ip::containerPort | hostPort:containerPort (use 'docker port' to see the actual mapping) --privileged=false Give extended privileges to this container # 提供更多的權(quán)限給容器 --restart="" Restart policy to apply when a container exits (no, on-failure[:max-retry], always) --rm=false Automatically remove the container when it exits (incompatible with -d) # 如果容器退出自動移除和 -d 選項沖突 --security-opt=[] Security Options --sig-proxy=true Proxify received signals to the process (even in non-tty mode). SIGCHLD is not proxied. -t, --tty=false Allocate a pseudo-tty # 分配偽終端 -u, --user="" Username or UID # 指定運行容器的用戶 uid 或者用戶名 -v, --volume=[] Bind mount a volume (e.g., from the host: -v /host:/container, from docker: -v /container) # 掛載卷 --volumes-from=[] Mount volumes from the specified container(s) # 從指定容器掛載卷 -w, --workdir="" Working directory inside the container # 指定容器工作目錄
示例:
$ sudo docker images ubuntuREPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZEubuntu 14.04 e54ca5efa2e9 4 weeks ago 276.5 MB... ... $ sudo docker run -t -i -c 100 -m 512MB -h test1 -d --name="docker_test1" ubuntu /bin/bash # 創(chuàng)建一個 cpu 優(yōu)先級為 100,內(nèi)存限制 512MB,主機名為 test1,名為 docker_test1 后臺運行 bash 的容器 a424ca613c9f2247cd3ede95adfbaf8d28400cbcb1d5f9b69a7b56f97b2b52e5 $ sudo docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMESa424ca613c9f ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash 6 seconds ago Up 5 seconds docker_test1 $ sudo docker attach docker_test1root@test1:/# pwd /root@test1:/# exit exit
關(guān)于cpu優(yōu)先級:
By default all groups have 1024 shares. A group with 100 shares will get a ~10% portion of the CPU time -
dockerstart|stop|kill|restart|pause|unpause|rm|commit|inspect|logs