獸醫(yī)專業(yè)英語 | 專業(yè)知識 | 行業(yè)資訊分享平臺
關注VetStar,
與有價值的思想不期而遇。
編譯 | 周珞平 貝肯菲(上海)寵物醫(yī)院院長
編輯 | 機智的小Q
原文作者:Pilar Lafuente, DVM, PhD, DACVS, DECVS,Royal Veterinary College
圖片資料:SAO,Birkenfeld Shanghai
本文在髖關節(jié)發(fā)育不良的圖文介紹之外,重點見下面的視頻,可見其中有兩位中國的才俊獸醫(yī)用流利的英文介紹該疾病。你有什么感觸嗎?我有~,這兩位獸醫(yī)都結了婚、有寶寶(還都是倆,哈哈)、有自己的醫(yī)院、自己的團隊,百忙之中還在不斷學習進步、精益求精,工作和生活都沒當誤。良好的時間管理,堅持的信念一定可以安排好對自己重要的事情,比如,英語。它是非常好的快速獲取專業(yè)新知識,開拓眼界的一種有效方式。面對想要獲取的東西,同時又很忙,那就對其一拜拜吧,或找一種平衡方式與它友好相處。VetStar每日獸醫(yī)英語會陪你一起進步。
郭燦(Grace)
犬貓會有很多骨科方面的疾病,有些會從動物幼年開始發(fā)展并伴隨終生。關節(jié)的問題尤其需要注意,關節(jié)疾病所繼發(fā)的骨關節(jié)炎是成年動物最常見的引起慢性疼痛和跛行的原因。
Although clinicians may be presented with various congenital deformities and conditions, the common orthopedic pathologies found in juvenile patients include hip dysplasia, elbow dysplasia, medial patellar luxation (MPL), shoulder osteochondritis dissecans (OCD), and panosteitis.
臨床上有很多先天性的骨關節(jié)異常和疾病,最常見的幼年的問題包括:髖關節(jié)發(fā)育不良、肘關節(jié)發(fā)育不良、髕骨內側脫位、肩關節(jié)剝落性骨軟骨炎、以及全骨炎。
髖關節(jié)疾病
1
Hip Dysplasia 髖關節(jié)發(fā)育不良
This pathology has a multifactorial etiology that affects the coxofemoral joint, most commonly in large-breed dogs (especially the German shepherd dog), but can also affect small-breed dogs and cats. Genetic and environmental factors can lead to joint laxity, which subsequently causes abnormal development of the acetabulum and femoral head, ultimately resulting in OA.
這是髖骨關節(jié)的多因素疾病,常見于大型犬(尤其是德國牧羊犬),但同樣可見于小型犬和貓。遺傳因素和環(huán)境影響導致關節(jié)松弛,進而導致髖臼和股骨頭的異常發(fā)育,最終導致骨關節(jié)炎的發(fā)生。
Diagnosis in young patients is based on clinical signs (eg, difficulty in rising, swinging of the hindlimbs, pain, subluxation and laxity of the femoral head [Ortolani test]). Radiographic findings that confirm hip dysplasia are joint subluxation, incongruency, and early degenerative changes.
對于年輕動物的診斷基于臨床癥狀(如起身困難、后肢搖擺、疼痛、股骨頭的亞脫位和松弛[Ortolani測試])。用來判斷髖關節(jié)發(fā)育不良的放射學征象包括:關節(jié)松弛、關節(jié)不一致、早期的退行性變化等。
Treatment depends on the severity of clinical signs; if mild, a nonsurgical approach (eg, weight management, NSAIDs, joint supplements, exercise modification, physiotherapy) can be elected.
對于髖關節(jié)發(fā)育不良的治療取決于臨床癥狀的嚴重程度,如果癥狀輕微可以嘗試非手術的方法(例如體重管理、非甾體類抗炎藥、關節(jié)補充劑、運動調節(jié)以及物理療法)。
Some surgical therapies are performed during early stages of the disease, before skeletal maturity and development of OA, to relieve clinical signs and limit disease progression. Case selection is important, as some factors (eg, age, subluxation and reduction angles, acetabular coverage of the femoral head) may affect the success of these procedures (eg, juvenile pubic symphysiodesis[JPS], triple pelvic osteotomy [TPO], double pelvic osteotomy [DPO]).
也可以在疾病早期(骨骼未成熟及骨關節(jié)炎未發(fā)生)采取一些手術方法來減緩臨床癥狀及限制疾病發(fā)展。很多因素(如年齡、脫出角/復位角、髖臼對股骨頭的覆蓋度等)都會影響手術的預后,因此需要選擇合適的病例進行手術。
Salvage procedures (eg, total hip replace- ment, femoral head and neck excision) are usually reserved for severe cases that do not respond to conservative treatment and are performed after growth has ceased.
可選擇的手術方案包括幼年恥骨聯(lián)合融合術(JPS)、三次骨盆切開術(TPO)、二次骨盆切開術(DPO)。對于保守治療無效的動物,可在骨骼生長停止后進行拯救性手術(如全髖置換術、股骨頭和股骨頸切除術)。
(來源:SAO)