柯林斯在線詞典(www.collinsdictionary.com)對該詞的釋義為:You use except to introduce the only thing or person that a statement does not apply to, or a fact that prevents a statement from being completely true.。
由此可以看出,它表示的是“除了...之外,沒有”,也就是說except后面接的是例外情況。如:
I wouldn't have accepted anything except a job in Europe. (我只接受在歐洲的工作。)
句中的a job in Europe是I唯一愿意接受的工作,也就是說,“除了在歐洲的工作,其他的我都不接受”。
再比如:
They all went to sleep except me. (除我之外,他們都去睡覺了。)
句中的me是唯一一個還沒睡覺的人,是個例外情況。
柯林斯在線詞典(www.collinsdictionary.com)對該詞的釋義為:You use except for to introduce the only thing or person that prevents a statement from being completely true.
從這個釋義看來,except for與except的含義時一樣的,也表示“除了...之外,沒有”。但是,兩者的用法不盡相同:當位于句末時,兩者可以互換;當位于句首時,只能用except for。如:
I can do nothing except / except for swimming in the dog days. (在三伏天里,除了游泳,我什么事也做不成。)
Except for a broken wood chair, the room was empty. (屋子里除了一張破木椅,什么都沒有。)
柯林斯在線詞典(www.collinsdictionary.com)對該詞的釋義為:You use apart from when you are making an exception to a general statement.
由此看來,apart from的含義跟except和except for是一樣的。只是在用法上,apart from皆可以放在句末,也可以放在句首。如:
It's a good piece of work, apart from a few slight faults. (除了一些小缺點之外,這不失為一件漂亮的作品。)
Apart from Bobby, all the children like music. (除了鮑比,所有的孩子都喜歡音樂。)
但是,柯林斯在線詞典對該短語又給出了另外一個解釋:in addition to。也就是說,與except和except for都不同的是,apart from也可以表示相反的意思,即“除了...之外,還有”,相當于besides。如:
Apart from the injuries to his face and hands, he broke both legs. (他除了臉部和雙手受傷以外,兩條腿也斷了。)
We study Russian and Spanish apart from English. (除了英語以外,我們還學俄語及西班牙語。)
前面提到了apart from相當于besides的用法,那么我就來看看besides是怎么用的。
柯林斯在線詞典(www.collinsdictionary.com)對該詞的釋義為:besides somethingmeans in addition to it.
也就是說,besides表示“除了...之外,還有”,相當于in addition to。它既可以放在句末,也可以放在句首。如:
There will be five of us for dinner, besides John. (除約翰外,還有我們五個人要一起吃飯。)
Besides coal, the most important natural fuel are gas and oil. (除了煤,最重要的天然燃料是煤氣和石油。)
注意besides與beside(在...旁邊)的區(qū)別。如:
The old lady fondled her cat as it sat beside her. (老婦人撫摸著蹲在身邊的小貓。)Beside him sat a rich lady glittering with jewels. (在他旁邊坐著一位珠光寶氣的富婆。)
注意當beside位于句首時,會引起句子倒裝。
柯林斯在線詞典(www.collinsdictionary.com)對該詞的釋義為:besides; as well as。
也就是說,該短語表示“除了...之外,還有”。如:
In addition to a diet, she pursues various exercises on TV. (除了節(jié)食以外,她還隨電視做體操。)
I minored in literature in addition to art. (除了輔修藝術以外,我還輔修文學。)
柯林斯在線詞典(www.collinsdictionary.com)對該詞的釋義為:You use other than after a negative statement to say that the person, item, or thing that follows is the only exception to the statement.
由此可以看出,該短語的含義與except和except for相同。但是,在用法上不同的是:該短語一般跟在否定結構后面。如:
He has no friend other than you. (除你之外,他就沒有別的朋友了。)
The tall figure that you saw was none other than our manager. (你所見的那位身材魁梧的先生不是別人正是我們的經(jīng)理。)