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          8年級(jí)上復(fù)習(xí)教案
          8年級(jí)上復(fù)習(xí)教案

          Unit1 Will people will have robots?

          Grammar:一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài):

          1.定義:一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)用來(lái)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)??梢员硎咀匀灰?guī)律,也可以表示對(duì)將來(lái)事情的一種主觀推測(cè)。如:

          I’ll be thirty tomorrow. (明天我就30歲了。)

          They will go to the park next week. (下周他們打算去公園)

          2. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)常常和表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,它們是: 1)以this 引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ):this evening(今晚) this afternoon(今天下午) this week(這周) this year(今年) this month (這個(gè)月)

          2)以next 引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ):next week(下周) next year (明年) next month(下個(gè)月)

          3)此外,還有:tomorrow(明天) tomorrow morning(明天早上) on Sunday (在周日)the day after tomorrow(后天) in the future(在將來(lái))

          4)例句:It will rain tonight. (今晚將會(huì)有雨)

          Lily is going to go home this evening. (今晚麗麗將要回家。)

          I shall go home next month. (下個(gè)月我要回家。)

          3. 構(gòu)成:一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)有三種構(gòu)成方式:

          1)Shall +動(dòng)詞原形(shall 只能和第一人稱單數(shù)I和第一人稱復(fù)數(shù)we連用):

          如: I shall do my homework. (我要做作業(yè)。)

          We shall study English. (我們要學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。)

            含有shall 的一般疑問(wèn)句,表示詢問(wèn)對(duì)方的意圖或愿望。回答shall I …. ?問(wèn)句時(shí)不能使用答語(yǔ):Yes, I shall. 或者:No, I shall not. 可以回答為:Yes, please.(好的,請(qǐng)) No, thanks. (不,謝謝。)Yes, Let’s.(是的,讓我們…)

          如: Shall we go to the park? (我們?nèi)ス珗@好嗎?)

          Yes, Let’s go. (好的,讓我們走吧。)

          2)Will +動(dòng)詞原形(will可以用于任何人稱)

          如: I will go home tomorrow. (我打算明天回家。)

          3)Be going to +動(dòng)詞原形(一般表示計(jì)劃或者根據(jù)某些現(xiàn)象預(yù)測(cè)不久即將發(fā)生的事情)

          如: She is going to go home tomorrow. (她打算明天回家。)

          We are going to have a party tomorrow. (明天我們要開(kāi)個(gè)晚會(huì)。)

          4)有時(shí)也可以用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作,一般表示計(jì)劃或者雙方約定好的動(dòng)作。

          如:I’m coming by bus tomorrow. (明天我打算做公共汽車來(lái)。)

          My mother is coming. (媽媽就要來(lái)了。)

          5) 注:如果原來(lái)使用包含有am、 is、 are 的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的句子,在變成一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),要在助動(dòng)詞shall、 will、 be going to 的后面使用動(dòng)詞原形be.

          如:I shall be here next year.(明年我將會(huì)在這里)

          We will be at school tomorrow.(我們明天將會(huì)在學(xué)校.)

          They are going to be good friends in the future.(他們將來(lái)會(huì)成為好朋友。)

          6) 縮寫(xiě): I will--- I’ll I am going to ---I’m going to he is—he’s we are --- we’re

          1.Do you think there will be robots in people’s homes.

             There +be (is/was  are/were)  

          There will be …=There is going to be …

          There are few people in the park, are there?

          2. Books will only be on computers, not on paper.在電腦上,通過(guò)電腦。

          on的意思是“以…方式”.eg: on the radio, on TV,

          on the telephone

          3. Will people use money in 100 years?一百年以后。

           用how soon提問(wèn):  How soon will he be back?

           He will be back in two days.

          In表示以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn)的將來(lái)一段時(shí)間之后,常用于將來(lái)時(shí)。

          after“(一段時(shí)間)之后”,常用于表示過(guò)去的時(shí)態(tài)中。但若表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻之后,要用after而不能用in.

          Eg: Mr. Brown will fly to Beijing in 3 hours.

             After half an hour, the boys went to play soccer.

             She will finish the work after 6 o’clock.

          4. (P2) more  fewer, less

          People will use the subways less..

          There will be less pollution.

          一、less是little(??;少)的比較級(jí):

          1. He spends less time (in) doing experiments. 他做實(shí)驗(yàn)花時(shí)間較少。

          2. Such problems are of less importance. 這樣一些問(wèn)題比較不重要。

          3. The value of Y is no less than ten. Y值達(dá)到10.(表示多的意思)

          4. She says less but does more. 她說(shuō)話較少,但做事較多。

          二、“less+形容詞或副詞”構(gòu)成劣等比較,作“較不…”,“更不…”解。

          1. It is less cold than it was yesterday. 天氣不如昨天那樣冷。

          2. He studies English less hard than before. 他學(xué)英語(yǔ)不如以前那樣努力。

          5. What do you think Sally will be in five years?

          6.(3a)  I’ll live in Shanghai, because I went to Shanghai last year and fell in love with it.

          7.because I don’t like living alone.

          alone  adj. 單獨(dú)的;獨(dú)自的。只作表語(yǔ)。強(qiáng)調(diào)獨(dú)自一人。

           I was alone in the house.

                  adv. 只有;僅僅;單獨(dú)地。

          She lives alone in that large house.

            lonely 只作形容詞,“孤獨(dú)的;寂寞的”,可作表語(yǔ),定語(yǔ)。通常指人在心靈上的“寂寞和憂郁”,帶有強(qiáng)烈的感情色彩。修飾地點(diǎn)名詞時(shí),強(qiáng)調(diào)“偏僻的;荒涼的”之意。

          The old writer lives _____ in a ____ mountain village, but he doesn’t feel _____.

          lone:指人孤獨(dú),指物是單獨(dú)一個(gè),是形容詞作定語(yǔ)。

          There is a lone tree in the garden.在花園里有惟一的一棵樹(shù)。

          8. I might even keep a pet parrot.

          Even. adv(加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣);甚至(……也);連(…..都)(后接比較級(jí));甚至(比…..)更;還.

          He doubts even the facts.他甚至懷疑事實(shí)。

          Even if we achieve great success in our work, we should not be conceited.即使我們?cè)诠ぷ髦腥〉昧司薮蟮某煽?jī),也不應(yīng)該自滿。

          9.wear a suit

           Suit  1)n.請(qǐng)求;懇求His father granted (答應(yīng))his suit.

          2) n.(一套)衣服;套;副;組

             What a beautiful suit it is!

          3)vt. 適合;中…的意

            Any time will suit me.

          10. one day

             One day :強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去或?qū)?lái)的某一天。

               One day he lost a nice bag.

               One day people will have robots in their homes.

             Some day強(qiáng)調(diào)將來(lái)總有一天,(日后)某一天。

               Some day people will fly to the moon for vacation.

          11. I think + 從句可用任何時(shí)態(tài)。

            I think Lin Wei wrote that.

           I think that France will win the next World Cup.

          12. What will the weather be like tomorrow?

             What’s the weather like today?

          13(reading).Some scientists believe that there will be such robots in the future.

          such  adj. 這樣的,如此的。

          I have never met many such people.

                 pron.這樣的人或物。Such are the results.

           Such修飾名詞,so修飾形容詞或副詞。

          Such用于 such +a/an +adj.+ n.和 so用于so+adj. +a/an+n.搭配中時(shí),它們可以進(jìn)行同義改寫(xiě)。

          Eg: so nice a coat= such a nice coat.

          當(dāng)名詞前有many,much,few,little時(shí),須用so而不用such.

          Eg: I never want ____ a boring holiday again.

             There are ____ many people standing at the door.

           

           

          Unit 2 What should I do?

          Grammar:  Should和could的用法

          1.提出建議:

           should 意為“應(yīng)該” , 可表示勸告、建議、義務(wù)、責(zé)任等。 如:

             We should protect the environment. 我們應(yīng)該保護(hù)環(huán)境。

               You  shouldn’t talk loudly in the library.

          2.征求意見(jiàn)

           should 也可用于征求意見(jiàn),此時(shí)一般用于第一人稱疑問(wèn)句中;could 用于請(qǐng)求,帶有一些試探性,因而更加委婉。

          Should I open the window?

          Could I borrow some money from you?

          3.推測(cè)情況

           should 用來(lái)表示較大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的猜測(cè),意為“可能的,但又未必可能。”could 用來(lái)表示可能性不在的猜測(cè)。

               They should be at home by now, I think.

               One day I could become a millionaire, but the chances are very small.

          拓展;     should (would)like to do sth. 表示“想要、愿意做某事”,常用于口語(yǔ)中。如:

             I should (would) like to go with you . 我愿意和你一起去。

            Would you like to go with me?  你想和我一起去嗎?

           ?。?)        Should have done 表示對(duì)過(guò)去動(dòng)作的責(zé)備、批評(píng)。 如:

             You should have finished your homework.

            你應(yīng)該已經(jīng)完成作業(yè)了。(事實(shí)上你沒(méi)有完成。)

          1.  keep out 不讓…進(jìn)入

          keep away避開(kāi);不接近

          keep (on)doing sth.  繼續(xù)做某事

          keep up with跟上;不落在后面 

          keep sb. doing sth. 讓某人持續(xù)做某事

           

          (P9) enough money    argue with

          out of style (out of fashion) ----in style

          2. write sb. a letter = write to sb.

            call sb .up

            a ticket to a ball game

           talk about it on the phone

          surprise sb.  ( to one’s surprise  , in surprise)

          3.(3a)  pay for    ask …for …  get a tutor

          4.You could borrow some money from your brother.

          brrow sth. from….  lend sth. to sb.

          5. He doesn’t have any money, either.

          either   adv.同樣地(不);也(不)

                   He doesn’t like math, and I don’t ,either.

                adj.(兩者中)任一的。

           There is a path on either side of the road.

                pron.兩者之一。 Either of the two words is correct.

          Eg: Either his parents or he ____(live) in London.

          6. Everyone else in my class was invited except me.

           except  prep. 除;把…除外。

          We all succeeded except Tom.

           except“除…之外(不再有)”,指從整體中排除except 后跟的人或物。

          besides“除…之外(還有)”,指在原來(lái)的基礎(chǔ)上加上besides后跟的人或物。

          but“除…這外”常與含否定意義的詞連用。

          Eg: We’ve had nothing but trouble with this car.

             Li Lei also went to the park besides you.

             We all went to the zoo except Li Lei.

          7.I’m very upset and don’t know what to do.

            “疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”,在句中作know的賓語(yǔ)。此結(jié)構(gòu)可轉(zhuǎn)換為對(duì)應(yīng)的賓語(yǔ)從句。

            = I’m very upset and don’t know what I should do .

          8.(P14)  get on=get along相處;進(jìn)展

           get on/along …with

          get on…with sb.與某人相處…

          get on…with sth.某事進(jìn)展…

          eg: I get on well with my neighbors.

          I’m getting on with my work.

          9.  have a fight with sb.= fight with sb. (fight against sb.)

             He fought with(against) me yesterday.

          10.(reading)The tired children don’t get home until 7 pm.

          11. but now parents seem to push…

            Seem v. 像是,似乎;(近)appear

            1)seem + (to be)+表語(yǔ)(adj,n,prep.)

            He seems(to be ) happy.

          2)It seems/seemed + that 從句

          3)seem to do

          Tom seemed to know that. = It seemed that Tom knew that.

           

           

          Unit3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?

          1.The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed.

           While the boy was walking the street, the UFO landed.

          When兼指“ 時(shí)間點(diǎn)和時(shí)間段”

          while 只指“時(shí)間段”,從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。

          Eg: Newton was playing under an apple tree ____ an

          apple fell onto his head.

          2. What was the girl doing when the UFO took off?

          take off 起飛。 反義詞是land 降落;

                 脫下(衣帽等)反義詞是put on

          take after (面貌、言行等)像(自己的父母等長(zhǎng)輩)

          take one’s time從容不迫,慢慢地

          take a day off休息一天   take back收回,退還

          take away拿走     take down寫(xiě)下;拿下

          3.(3a)You can imagine how strange it was.

          Eg:  How clever the boy is !

               How time flies!

               What an interesting book it is!

               What bad news!

          4. What happened while Linda was on the phone?

          happen:偶然發(fā)生,具有不可預(yù)測(cè)性,主語(yǔ)一般是某物/某事,表示“某人發(fā)生了什么事”用“sth. happen to sb.”

          happen還可表示“碰巧”,常用“sb.+happen+to do sth.”和“It happens + that 從句”

          take place指事先計(jì)劃好或先布置而發(fā)生,指某種確定事件。

          happen 和take place都沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

          Eg: What happened to him?

             Great changes have taken place in my hometown.

             I happened to know him brother.= It happened that I knew his brother 

           

          Unit4 He said I was hard-working.

          引述別人的話時(shí),一般采用兩種方式:一是引用別人的原話,把它放在引號(hào)內(nèi),稱為直接引語(yǔ);二是用自己的話加以轉(zhuǎn)述,被轉(zhuǎn)述的話不放在引號(hào)內(nèi),稱為間接引語(yǔ)。間接引語(yǔ)在大多數(shù)情況下是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從語(yǔ)。直接引語(yǔ)變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),要注意以下幾點(diǎn):人稱變化、時(shí)態(tài)變化、賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序。

            1.直接引語(yǔ)是陳述句,變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),由連詞that 引導(dǎo)。例如:

            She said, "I am very happy to help you."→

            She said that she was very happy to help you.

            2. 直接引語(yǔ)是一般(選擇/反意)疑問(wèn)句,變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),由連詞whether或if 引導(dǎo)。例如:

            He asked me, "Do you like playing football?"→

            He asked me if/whether I liked playing football.

            注意:大多數(shù)情況下,if和whether 可以互換,但后有or not,或在動(dòng)詞不定式前,或放在介詞后作連接詞時(shí),一般只用whether。例如:

            She asked me whether he could do it or not.

            He hesitated about whether to drive or take the train.

            3. 直接引語(yǔ)是特殊疑問(wèn)句,變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),由相應(yīng)的疑問(wèn)詞who, whom, whose, how, when, why, where 等引導(dǎo)。例如:

            My sister asked me, "How do you like the film?"→

            My sister asked me how I liked the film.

            4. 直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句,變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),把動(dòng)詞原形變成動(dòng)詞不定式,并在動(dòng)詞不定前加tell, ask, order 等的賓語(yǔ)。例如:

            The captain ordered, "Be quiet."→

            The captain ordered us to be quiet.

            注意:此種情況的否定句,在動(dòng)詞不定式前加not。

            My teacher asked me, "Don't laugh."→

            My teacher asked me not to laugh.

            5. 一些注意事項(xiàng)

            (1)直接引語(yǔ)是客觀事實(shí)、普遍真理等,變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)不變。例如:

            They told their son,"The earth goes round the sun."→

            They told their son that the earth goes round the sun.

            (2)直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí), 指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等要作相應(yīng)的變化。如:this/that→ these/those, now→then, today→that day, yesterday→the day before, last year→the year before, ago→before, here→there等。例如:

            He said, "I haven't seen her today."→

            He said that he hadn't seen her that day.

            注意:如果轉(zhuǎn)述時(shí)就在原來(lái)的地方,就在說(shuō)話的當(dāng)天,就不必改變指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等。

            (3)間接引語(yǔ)一般要用陳述句的語(yǔ)序,即主、謂、賓的順序。例如:

            He asked Lucy, "Where did you go?"→

            He asked Lucy where she went.

            Tom said, "What do you want, Ann?"→

          Tom asked Ann what she wanted.              

           

          1. Lana said that she wasn’t mad at Marcia anymore.

          1)  be mad at\with sb.= be angry at /with sb.

          2)not…anymore= not …any more 用于非正式文體中,表示(過(guò)去曾…)現(xiàn)在不再…,相當(dāng)于not …any longer

          She doesn’t live here any longer.

          3)not…any more= no more

            He is no more angry.

           2.Lana said she would bring some drinks and snacks to Marcia’s house.

             bring 帶來(lái),拿來(lái)

           take帶走;拿走

           fetch“去取”,相當(dāng)于 go and bring back sb./sth.

           carry攜帶;搬運(yùn)。

          3.You were supposed to meet at the bus stop this morning to return it.

          be supposed to +do sth.= should

          be not supposed to do sth.= be not allowed to do sth.

          4. I said that was OK and that I was sure she would get over it.

           get over克服;恢復(fù) How did you get over that problem?

          go over復(fù)習(xí)   look over檢查   turn over翻轉(zhuǎn);翻倒

          注意;get over 是“動(dòng)詞+介詞”,賓語(yǔ)只能放在之后。

          而為look over, turn over“動(dòng)詞+副詞”,當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)為代詞時(shí),只能置于中間。

          5.in good health身體健康

            be in good health=be healthy;

          be in poor healthy=be unhealthy

          in a hurry 匆忙   in silence沉默

          be strict in對(duì)。。。要求嚴(yán)格   do well in擅長(zhǎng)

          in surprise驚訝地   in all總的來(lái)說(shuō)

          in a word總之   in general一般來(lái)說(shuō)

          hand/turn in上交

          6. influence  n. vt.

            have an influence on …對(duì)…有影響

          n. 影響(力);作用。 My advice has no influence on his actions.

          vt.影響 What we read influences our thinking.

          n. 有影響力的人,可數(shù)名詞His mother said I was a bad influence on her son.

           

          Unit5 If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time!

          1. If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time.

            If引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句,當(dāng)主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)、祈使句或含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子時(shí),從句一般要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。Eg: We’ll go to the park, if the weather___ fine.

          2. If you do, you’ll be sorry.

          be sorry遺憾,難過(guò),對(duì)不起

           be sorry to do sth.遺憾做某事  I’m sorry to hear that.

           be sorry about sth.對(duì)某事感到遺憾

               You must be sorry about it later.

           be sorry+that從句  對(duì)。。。感到遺憾

              I’m sorry that you say so.

          4.If you become a professional athlete, you’ll be able to make a living doing something you love.

            make a living (by)…以…謀生,by后面可接名詞、代詞、doing 形式,有時(shí)by也可省略。

          The young woman makes a living by singing.

          3. take away拿走

          run away逃跑   far away 遙遠(yuǎn)

          stay/keep away from 遠(yuǎn)離    go away走開(kāi);離開(kāi)

          right away立即;馬上

           

           

           

          Unit6  How long have you been collecting shells?

          1.How long have you been collecting shells?

          collect vt. 收集;搜集My hobby is collecting stamps.

          收藏品collection   收藏者collector

          2. How long have you been skating?

            I have been skating since nine o’clock.

            I’ve been skating for five hours.

           Since 是完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志,后可接時(shí)間點(diǎn),也可接時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。主句動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性的且從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

          含Since的句式可以和含 for的句式互相轉(zhuǎn)化。

          如;It is ten years since we met last time. = We haven’t seen each other for ten years.

          2.students are skating to raise money for charity.籌錢;籌款。

           Raise vt.“舉起,抬高”常指靠人力而為之事;還表示“提高,養(yǎng)育;籌集”。

           Please raise your hand.

           Raise the rent.

           rise常表示“太陽(yáng)、月亮升起;河水上漲“,一般靠自然力量而為之。

           The sun rises in the east.

           The river is rising after the rain.

          3. My mom says I have to stop, because we’ve run out of room to store them.

            run out of “用完;用盡” 表主動(dòng),主語(yǔ)一般是人。

           Tom has run out of all the money.

            run out 常用物作主語(yǔ)。 Their food ran out.

            room un.“空間”   cn.“房間”

          eg: The table takes too much room in this room.

          4. the first Jews probably came to Kaifeng more than a thousand years ago.

          thousand 是基數(shù)詞“千”,在表示確切數(shù)字時(shí),不能用復(fù)數(shù)。

          There are two thousand students in our school.

          thousands of “成千上萬(wàn)”

          Thousands of trees must be planted every year.

          注意:some,several,many 等可用來(lái)修飾thousands of.

          用法相同的還有:hundred,million,billion.

          5.For a foreigner like me, the more I learn about Chinese history, the more I enjoy living in China.

          “The+比較級(jí),the+比較級(jí)”“越。。。,就越。。。”

          Eg: The busier he is, the happier he feels.

             The more , the better. 越來(lái)越好。

           

           

           

           

          Unit 7  Would you mind turning down the music?

          1. Would you mind turning down the music?

           1) Would you mind doing sth. “你介意做某事嗎?”

            回答時(shí)用yes或no,表示“不介意,不在乎”時(shí)用no,后面跟句子,意為“允許對(duì)方做某事”

          若不介意,答語(yǔ)通常用“Not at all./Certainly not./Of course not”等

          若介意,答語(yǔ)通常用“I’m sorry,but I do./ You’d better not.”等

          否定形式為Would you mind not doing sth.

          2) turn down 把。。調(diào)低;關(guān)小 反義詞:turn up

          turn on 打開(kāi)  turn off 

           by turns輪流地   take one’s turn依次(做某事)

           

          Reading:

          1.…but there are other places where talking loudly is not allowed.

          allow sb. to do sth.允許某人干某事

          allow doing sth.允許做某事

          be allowed to do sth. 被允許做某事

          allow sb. sth.= allow sth. to sb.給某人某物;讓某人得到某物。

          2.…it is better to keep your voice down in public places.

          1)It’s better to do sth.= had better do sth.

          2)keep…down “控制,抑制”

          keep off (使)離開(kāi),(使)不接近

          keep out不讓。。。進(jìn)入  keep on繼續(xù)(做某事)

          3)noise“噪音”  make a noise 發(fā)出噪音

               There is so much noise in this restaurant, I can hardly here you talking.

          Voice“嗓音”,指人說(shuō)話聲或唱歌的聲音,也可指鳥(niǎo)鳴聲.

               I didn’t recognize her voice on the telephone.

          Sound 含義最廣,可指一切聽(tīng)到的聲音。

              Sound travels slower than light.

          Shout 指人或動(dòng)物的叫喊,也指予以警告或引起注意而發(fā)出的叫喊。Suddenly, the patient raised a shout of pain.

          4. Put out撲滅;熄滅

            put up舉起;張貼   put off 推遲;拖延

            put away 把。。。收拾好  put down放下  

          put on穿上    put up with 忍受  put aside放在一邊

           

           

           

          Unit 8   Why don’t you get her a scarf?

          1.Why don’t you get her a scarf?

            Why don’t you +動(dòng)詞原形=why not+動(dòng)詞原形

          Why don’t you have a cup of tea?=Why not have a cup of tea?

          Self-check

          2.Later, the same gift may be given away to someone else.

          give away 贈(zèng)送,分發(fā)

          give up放棄;中止    give in 屈服 

          give out分發(fā);發(fā)出(氣體、光、熱等)

          give back歸還  give sb. a hand幫助某人

          3. In the USA, some people ask their families and friends to give money to charity rather than buy them gifts.

          rather than 用法小結(jié)

          rather than 是一個(gè)并列連詞,用法比較復(fù)雜,現(xiàn)歸納如下:

          1). rather than 與would 連用時(shí),構(gòu)成“would rather...than...”句式,意思是“寧愿……而不愿……”,表示主觀愿望,即在兩者之中選擇其一。例如: She'd rather die than lose the children. 她寧愿死也不愿失去孩子們。

          2). rather than 不與would連用時(shí),表示客觀事實(shí),意為“是……而不是……;與其……不如……”。它連接的并列成分可以是名詞、代詞、形容詞、介詞(短語(yǔ))、動(dòng)名詞、分句、不定式、動(dòng)詞等。

          He is an explorer rather than a sailor. 與其說(shuō)他是一個(gè)海員,不如說(shuō)他是一個(gè)探險(xiǎn)者。

          You rather than I are going to go camping. 是你而不是我要去要野營(yíng)。

          注意:rather than 連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與rather than 前面的名詞或代詞在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。

          3. Instead, making a meal is enough.

          instead作副詞,是“代替”、“頂替”的意思。如:

          Mr. Wang is ill, I will take his class instead.

          instead of為介詞短語(yǔ),它后面可跟名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或形容詞等。如:

          (1)I will clean the window instead of him.

          (2)We will skate instead of playing football.

          二者有時(shí)可以進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換:Jack went swimming instead of playing tennis.=She didn’t play tennis. She went swimming instead.

          4. (reading)This kind of contest encourages people in China to speak English.

          encourage sb. to do sth.鼓勵(lì)某人干某事。

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