今天接著跟大家分享英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系副詞的用法。
英語(yǔ)里常見(jiàn)的關(guān)系副詞有when、where、why。
when用作關(guān)系副詞時(shí),先行詞都是表時(shí)間的,此時(shí)when在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如
I will never forget the days when we spent our summer holiday in the mountainous village.
此時(shí)的when相當(dāng)于“介詞+which”的用法。如上句可以改為:
I will never forget the days during which we spent our summer holiday in the mountainous village.
1、盡管先行詞是表時(shí)間的,但有的時(shí)候也會(huì)使用關(guān)系代詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,此時(shí)關(guān)系代詞往往在從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)。如:
I will never forget the days that/which we spent together in the mountainous village.
關(guān)系代詞that/which,用作從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞spent的賓語(yǔ)。
2、when有時(shí)也會(huì)用來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句,但有時(shí)也會(huì)使用“介詞+which”的結(jié)構(gòu)。如:
He was born in 1976, when some of China's great leaders passed away.
I just can't forget my childhood days, some of which have already had their longlasting influence upon my present life.
where用作關(guān)系副詞時(shí),先行詞都是表地點(diǎn)的,此時(shí)where在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。如:
This is the house where the soldiers once took shelter from the enemies.
與when的用法相似的是,此時(shí)的where相當(dāng)于“介詞+which”的用法。如上句可以改為:
This is the house in which the soldiers once took shelter from the enemies.
1、與when的用法相似的是,盡管先行詞是表地點(diǎn)的,但有的時(shí)候也會(huì)使用關(guān)系代詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,此時(shí)關(guān)系代詞往往在從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)。如:
This is the house that/which we visited last year.
關(guān)系代詞that/which,用作從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞visited的賓語(yǔ)。
2、同樣與when的用法相似的是,where有時(shí)也會(huì)用來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。此時(shí)的where也??梢杂谩敖樵~+which”的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)替換。如:
My brother works in a faraway mountainous town, where he can always enjoy a stunning view of the beautiful mountains.
句中的where就可以替換為from which,即:
My brother works in a faraway mountainous town, from which he can always enjoy a stunning view of the beautiful mountains.
與when和where不同的是,why用作關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),其先行詞一定是reason,而且只能用在限定性定語(yǔ)從句中,即中間不能用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。如
That is the reason why he has left for Shanghai.
在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中,why也經(jīng)??梢允÷?。如:
This is the reason I opened the window at this time of the day.
有時(shí)出于結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)潔的需要,定語(yǔ)從句可以轉(zhuǎn)化為短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。
不過(guò),不是所有的定語(yǔ)從句都可以轉(zhuǎn)化為短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的,一般只有當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候才可以轉(zhuǎn)化為短語(yǔ)。如:
定語(yǔ)從句1:The woman who is standing behind the counter served me just now.
短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)1:The woman standing behind the counter served me just now.
定語(yǔ)從句2:The woman who served me just now is standing behind the counter.
短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)2:The woman serving me just now is standing behind the counter.
定語(yǔ)從句3:The woman who has already left served me just now.
短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)3:The woman having already left served me just now.
【注意】
當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí),也有的情況下是不能轉(zhuǎn)化為短語(yǔ)的,一般是當(dāng)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或will或would等助動(dòng)詞時(shí)。如以下兩句話(huà)中的定語(yǔ)從句就不能轉(zhuǎn)化為短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu):
The woman who can dance is Jack's mother.
The woman who will visit her is her aunt.
七、用法小結(jié)
聯(lián)系客服