kvm虛擬機(jī)默認(rèn)使用raw格式的鏡像格式,性能最好,速度最快,它的缺點就是不支持一些新的功能,如支持鏡像,zlib磁盤壓縮,AES加密等。
要使用鏡像功能,磁盤格式必須為qcow2。下面開始kvm虛擬機(jī)快照備份的過程。
本文出自:http://koumm.blog.51cto.com
進(jìn)一步的學(xué)習(xí)參考:kvm+libvirt虛擬機(jī)快照淺析 http://itxx.sinaapp.com/blog/content/130
(1) 查看磁盤格式
# qemu-img info test01.img
raw格式需要轉(zhuǎn)換成qcow2
(2) 關(guān)閉虛擬機(jī)并轉(zhuǎn)換磁盤
# virsh shutdown oeltest01
(3) 轉(zhuǎn)換磁盤格式
# qemu-img convert -f raw -O qcow2 test01.img test01.qcow2
-f 源鏡像的格式
-O 目標(biāo)鏡像的格式
查看轉(zhuǎn)換后的格式,已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)換成了qcow2, 這里是拷貝一份,并將格式轉(zhuǎn)成qcow2
# qemu-img info test01.qcow2
修改磁盤格式,與新qcow2格式的磁盤。
(1) 對oeltest01虛擬機(jī)創(chuàng)建快照
也可以virsh snapshot-create as oeltest01 snap1 創(chuàng)建后個快照別名。
(2) 查看虛擬機(jī)鏡像快照的版本
(3) 查看當(dāng)前虛擬機(jī)鏡像快照的版本
可以看到為當(dāng)前最新的快照版本。
01.
<
domainsnapshot
>
02.
<
name
>1378579737</
name
>
03.
<
state
>shutoff</
state
>
04.
<
creationTime
>1378579737</
creationTime
>
05.
<
memory
snapshot
=
'no'
/>
06.
<
disks
>
07.
<
disk
name
=
'hda'
snapshot
=
'internal'
/>
08.
<
disk
name
=
'hdc'
snapshot
=
'no'
/>
09.
</
disks
>
10.
<
domain
type
=
'kvm'
>
11.
<
name
>oeltest01</
name
>
12.
<
uuid
>8f2bb4a7-c7ed-32aa-3676-9fb05923269d</
uuid
>
13.
<
memory
unit
=
'KiB'
>524288</
memory
>
14.
<
currentMemory
unit
=
'KiB'
>524288</
currentMemory
>
15.
<
vcpu
placement
=
'static'
>1</
vcpu
>
16.
<
os
>
17.
<
type
arch
=
'x86_64'
machine
=
'rhel6.4.0'
>hvm</
type
>
18.
<
boot
dev
=
'hd'
/>
19.
</
os
>
20.
<
features
>
21.
<
acpi
/>
22.
<
apic
/>
23.
<
pae
/>
24.
</
features
>
25.
<
clock
offset
=
'localtime'
/>
26.
<
on_poweroff
>destroy</
on_poweroff
>
27.
<
on_reboot
>restart</
on_reboot
>
28.
<
on_crash
>restart</
on_crash
>
29.
<
devices
>
30.
<
emulator
>/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</
emulator
>
31.
<
disk
type
=
'file'
device
=
'disk'
>
32.
<
driver
name
=
'qemu'
type
=
'qcow2'
cache
=
'none'
/>
33.
<
source
file
=
'/data/test01.qcow2'
/>
34.
<
target
dev
=
'hda'
bus
=
'ide'
/>
35.
<
address
type
=
'drive'
controller
=
'0'
bus
=
'0'
target
=
'0'
unit
=
'0'
/>
36.
</
disk
>
37.
<
disk
type
=
'block'
device
=
'cdrom'
>
38.
<
driver
name
=
'qemu'
type
=
'raw'
/>
39.
<
target
dev
=
'hdc'
bus
=
'ide'
/>
40.
<
readonly
/>
41.
<
address
type
=
'drive'
controller
=
'0'
bus
=
'1'
target
=
'0'
unit
=
'0'
/>
42.
</
disk
>
43.
<
controller
type
=
'ide'
index
=
'0'
>
44.
<
address
type
=
'pci'
domain
=
'0x0000'
bus
=
'0x00'
slot
=
'0x01'
function
=
'0x1'
/>
45.
</
controller
>
46.
<
controller
type
=
'usb'
index
=
'0'
/>
47.
<
interface
type
=
'bridge'
>
48.
<
mac
address
=
'52:54:00:82:39:01'
/>
49.
<
source
bridge
=
'br0'
/>
50.
<
model
type
=
'virtio'
/>
51.
<
address
type
=
'pci'
domain
=
'0x0000'
bus
=
'0x00'
slot
=
'0x03'
function
=
'0x0'
/>
52.
</
interface
>
53.
<
serial
type
=
'pty'
>
54.
<
target
port
=
'0'
/>
55.
</
serial
>
56.
<
console
type
=
'pty'
>
57.
<
target
type
=
'serial'
port
=
'0'
/>
58.
</
console
>
59.
<
input
type
=
'tablet'
bus
=
'usb'
/>
60.
<
input
type
=
'mouse'
bus
=
'ps2'
/>
61.
<
graphics
type
=
'vnc'
port
=
'5910'
autoport
=
'no'
listen
=
'0.0.0.0'
>
62.
<
listen
type
=
'address'
address
=
'0.0.0.0'
/>
63.
</
graphics
>
64.
<
video
>
65.
<
model
type
=
'cirrus'
vram
=
'9216'
heads
=
'1'
/>
66.
<
address
type
=
'pci'
domain
=
'0x0000'
bus
=
'0x00'
slot
=
'0x02'
function
=
'0x0'
/>
67.
</
video
>
68.
<
memballoon
model
=
'virtio'
>
69.
<
address
type
=
'pci'
domain
=
'0x0000'
bus
=
'0x00'
slot
=
'0x04'
function
=
'0x0'
/>
70.
</
memballoon
>
71.
</
devices
>
72.
</
domain
>
73.
</
domainsnapshot
>
[root@node1 data]#
(4) 查看當(dāng)前虛擬機(jī)鏡像文件
又創(chuàng)建了一個,快照的版本也記錄在鏡像文件中了。
快照配置文件在/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/snapshot/虛擬機(jī)名稱/下
(1) 恢復(fù)虛擬機(jī)快照必須關(guān)閉虛擬機(jī)。
確認(rèn)虛擬機(jī)是關(guān)機(jī)狀態(tài)
(2) 確認(rèn)需要恢復(fù)的快照時間,這里恢復(fù)到1378579737
(3) 執(zhí)行恢復(fù),并確認(rèn)恢復(fù)版本
(1) 查看虛擬機(jī)快照
# qemu-img info test01.qcow2
這里刪除第一個快照1378579737
(2) 刪除快照
到此kvm虛擬機(jī)快照測試完畢。kvm虛擬化學(xué)習(xí)筆記進(jìn)行到這里了,感覺到kvm虛擬化的內(nèi)容真的很多。水是越來越深了。