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中英對(duì)照演講稿

There's a common misconception
有個(gè)常見的誤解

that if you like to meticulously organize your things,
如果你喜歡一絲不茍的整理你的東西

keep your hands clean,
經(jīng)常洗手

or plan out your weekend to the last detail,
或者無微不至的計(jì)劃你的周末

you might have OCD.
你就可能有強(qiáng)迫癥。

In fact, OCD, which stands for obsessive compulsive disorder,
事實(shí)上，強(qiáng)迫癥的全名是強(qiáng)迫性神經(jīng)官能癥，

is a serious psychiatric condition
是一個(gè)經(jīng)常被社會(huì)

that is frequently misunderstood by society
和心理健康專業(yè)人士

and mental health professionals alike.
誤解的精神疾病

So let's start by debunking some myths.
我們今天就破解一下關(guān)于強(qiáng)迫癥的謎思

Myth one: repetitive or ritualistic behaviors are synonymous with OCD.
謎思之一：重復(fù)或儀式性的行為是強(qiáng)迫癥的同義詞

As its name suggests,
顧名思義

obsessive compulsive disorder has two aspects:
強(qiáng)迫性神經(jīng)官能癥包含了兩方面：

the intrusive thoughts, images, or impulses, known as obsessions,
內(nèi)在的想法、印象、或者沖動(dòng)，又稱為強(qiáng)迫思維，

and the behavioral compulsions people engage in
以及為了疏緩這種強(qiáng)迫思維導(dǎo)致的不安，

to relieve the anxiety the obsessions cause.
而作出的強(qiáng)迫性行為。

The kinds of actions that people often associate with OCD,
一提起強(qiáng)迫癥，大家通常聯(lián)想起

like excessive hand washing,or checking things repeatedly,
比如頻繁的洗手，或者一而再地查看著東西。

may be examples of obsessive or compulsive tendencies
可能為有強(qiáng)迫性行為傾向的表現(xiàn)

that many of us exhibit from time to time.
大部分的人偶而會(huì)有這種行為。

But the actual disorder is far more rare and can be quite debilitating.
但是真正的病癥極為罕見而且會(huì)令患者十分虛弱。

People affected have little or no control over their obsessive thoughts
受影響的患者無法控制自己的

and compulsive behaviors,
強(qiáng)迫性想法和行為

which tend to be time consuming
這不僅耗費(fèi)時(shí)間

and interfere with work, school or social life
還會(huì)影響工作，學(xué)習(xí)和社交生活

to the point of causing significant distress.
甚至?xí)?dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的憂慮

This set of diagnostic criteria is what separates people suffering from OCD
這一系列的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)將強(qiáng)迫癥患者

from those who may just be a bit more meticulous
和比常人更一絲不茍或注意清潔的的正常人

or hygiene obsessed than usual.
區(qū)分開來。

Myth two: the main symptom of OCD is excessive hand washing.
謎思之二：強(qiáng)迫癥的一大癥狀為太常洗手

Although hand washing is the most common image of OCD in popular culture,
雖然洗手是大多數(shù)人眼中的典型強(qiáng)迫癥表現(xiàn)

obsessions and compulsions can take many different forms.
強(qiáng)迫思維和行為是多種多樣的

Obsessions can manifest as fears of contamination and illness,
強(qiáng)迫思維主要體現(xiàn)為對(duì)污染和疾病的極度恐懼

worries about harming others,
擔(dān)心傷害到其他人，

or preoccupations with numbers, patterns, morality, or sexual identity.
或者對(duì)數(shù)字、圖案、道德、性別認(rèn)定的過分執(zhí)著

And compulsions can range from excessive cleaning or double checking,
強(qiáng)迫性行為可以從過度清潔到反復(fù)檢查,

to the fastidious arrangement of objects,
到對(duì)物體過分苛刻的安排，

or walking in predetermined patterns.
或是走在一定的圖形上。

Myth three:
謎思之三：

individuals with OCD don't understand that they are acting irrationally.
有強(qiáng)迫癥的人不知道自己表現(xiàn)的很不尋常。

Many individuals with OCD actually understand the relationship
許多有強(qiáng)迫癥的人其實(shí)理解自己的

between their obsessions and compulsions quite well.
癖好和強(qiáng)烈衝動(dòng)的關(guān)系。

Being unable to avoid 
these thoughts and actions
盡管他們意識(shí)到它的不合理性，

despite being aware of their irrationality
還是無法避免那些想法和行為，

is part of the reason why OCD is so distressing.
這是強(qiáng)迫癥使人 痛苦的原因之一

OCD sufferers report feeling crazy
強(qiáng)迫癥患者稱自己像發(fā)了瘋一樣

for experiencing anxiety based on irrational thoughts
因?yàn)椴焕硇缘南敕ǘ乖瓴话?br>
and finding it difficult to control their responses.
可是又無法控制自己的反應(yīng)。

So what exactly causes OCD?
究竟是什么導(dǎo)致了強(qiáng)迫癥?

The frustrating answer is we don't really know.
讓人灰心的答案是我們并不楚清。

However, we have some important clues.
但是我們有一些很重要的線索。

OCD is considered a neurobiological disorder.
強(qiáng)迫癥被認(rèn)為是神經(jīng)錯(cuò)亂。

In other words, research suggests that OCD sufferers brains
換句話說，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)強(qiáng)迫癥的大腦

are actually hardwired to behave in a certain fashion.
其實(shí)被某種一定的方式所限制。

Research has implicated three regions of the brain
研究發(fā)現(xiàn)三個(gè)大腦區(qū)塊

variously involved in social behavior and complex cognitive planning,
有很多種的社會(huì)行為和復(fù)雜認(rèn)知,

voluntary movement,
以及自主性動(dòng)作

and emotional and motivational responses.
感情和動(dòng)機(jī)反應(yīng)。

The other piece of the puzzle
另一個(gè)誤區(qū)

is that OCD is associated with low levels of serotonin,
是強(qiáng)迫癥與低血清素相關(guān)，

a neurotransmitter that communicates between brain structures
血清素是一個(gè)可以在大腦結(jié)構(gòu)中交流

and helps regulate vital processes,
并且?guī)椭刂迫缜榫w，好斗，

such as mood, aggression, impulse control,
脈沖控制，睡眠，

sleep, appetite, body temperature and pain.
食欲，身體溫度和疼痛等重要過程的神經(jīng)傳遞素。

But are serotonin and activity in these brain regions the sources of OCD
但是血清素和大腦區(qū)塊活動(dòng)是否為強(qiáng)迫癥的起因

or symptoms of an unknown underlying cause of the disorder.
或者其他不知原因的癥狀暗藏著病因。

We probably won't know until
直到我們對(duì)大腦更理解之前

we have a much more intimate understanding of the brain.
可能不得而知了。

The good news is there are effective treatments for OCD,
好消息是已經(jīng)有有效的強(qiáng)迫癥療法了

including medications, which increase serotonin in the brain
包括可以增加大腦血清素的藥物

by limiting its reabsorption by brain cells,
從而阻止大腦細(xì)胞的再吸收，

behavioral therapy that gradually desensitizes patients to their anxieties,
逐漸使患者對(duì)焦慮麻木的行為療法，

and in some cases, electroconvulsive therapy,
有的時(shí)候甚至用電痙攣療法，

or surgery, when OCD doesn't respond to other forms of treatment.
或者當(dāng)其他療法沒反應(yīng)時(shí)就做手術(shù)。

Knowing that your own brain is lying to you
知道你的大腦在對(duì)你撒謊，

while not being able to resist its commands can be agonizing.
但卻無法拒抗它的指令是很苦惱的。

But with knowledge and understanding comes the power to seek help,
但是有了知識(shí)與理解也就有求助的力量

and future research into the brain
以及未來對(duì)大腦的研究

may finally provide the answers we're looking for.
或許最終能給我們想要的答案。