變革王命?！案铩保兏?；“命”，初指天命，后來指王命，即帝王的政令或帝王的統(tǒng)治權(quán)。猶言江山易主、改朝換代，即推翻舊政權(quán)，建立新政權(quán)。古人認為，“王命”源于“天命”（上天的意志），故“革命”本質(zhì)上是實施變革以應(yīng)“天命”。而“革”是宇宙的基本規(guī)律，“革命”是這一規(guī)律的具體體現(xiàn)；判斷“革命”合法性與成功的依據(jù)，則在于“革命”的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者是否順應(yīng)了上天的意志和民眾的意愿。近代以降，“革命”轉(zhuǎn)指社會、政治、經(jīng)濟制度的重大變革。
The term means taking power from a ruler. Ge (革) means to change or remove. Ming (命) first referred to the mandate of Heaven and later came to mean a ruler's decrees and his mandate to rule. Changing the mandate usually involves replacing a ruler and a change of dynasty, in other words, overthrowing an old regime and establishing a new one. People in ancient China believed that a ruler's mandate to rule was ordained by Heaven and therefore any change of the mandate should in essence be carried out in response to the will of Heaven. However, change is a basic law of the universe, and the removal of a ruler's mandate is a specific expression of this law. The legitimacy and success of such change depend on whether those who lead the change do so in response to the will of Heaven and the popular desire of the people. In modern times, the term is used as an expression meaning revolution, denoting major social, political or economic changes.
引例 Citation：
◎天地革而四時成，湯武革命，順乎天而應(yīng)乎人。（《周易·彖下》）
天地有陰陽的變化而形成一年四季。商湯、周武王變革天命［推翻舊政權(quán)，建立新政權(quán)］，是順應(yīng)了上天的旨意和人民的意愿。
Heaven and earth change and four seasons take place. King Tang of Shang and King Wu of Zhou changed the mandate, obeying Heaven and complying with the wishes of the people. (The Book of Changes)
（推薦：教育部 國家語委 供稿：北京外國語大學(xué) 外語教學(xué)與研究出版社）
